AWS-SysOps practice test

1. Question 1 · 1

   A user has launched an ELB which has 5 instances registered with it. The user deletes the ELB by mistake. What will happen to the instances?

   Choose one answer.

   • ELB will ask the user whether to delete the instances or not
   • Instances will be terminated
   • ELB cannot be deleted if it has running instances registered with it
   • Instances will keep running

   Read explanation

   When the user deletes the Elastic Load Balancer, all the registered instances will be deregistered. However, they will continue to run. The user will incur charges if he does not take any action on those instances.

2. Question 2 · 1

   A user is planning to setup notifications on the RDS DB for a snapshot. Which of the below mentioned event categories is not supported by RDS for this snapshot source type?

   Choose one answer.

   • Backup
   • Creation
   • Deletion
   • Restoration

   Read explanation

   Amazon RDS uses the Amazon Simple Notification Service to provide a notification when an Amazon RDS event occurs. Event categories for a snapshot source type include: Creation, Deletion, and Restoration. The Backup is a part of DB instance source type.

3. Question 3 · 1

   A customer is using AWS for Dev and Test. The customer wants to setup the Dev environment with Cloudformation. Which of the below mentioned steps are not required while using Cloudformation?

   Choose one answer.

   • Create a stack
   • Configure a service
   • Create and upload the template
   • Provide the parameters configured as part of the template

   Read explanation

   AWS Cloudformation is an application management tool which provides application modelling, deployment, configuration, management and related activities. AWS CloudFormation introduces two concepts: the template and the stack. The template is a JSON-format, text-based file that describes all the AWS resources required to deploy and run an application. The stack is a collection of AWS resources which are created and managed as a single unit when AWS CloudFormation instantiates a template. While creating a stack, the user uploads the template and provides the data for the parameters if required.

4. Question 4 · 1

   A user is accessing RDS from an application. The user has enabled the Multi AZ feature with the MS SQL RDS DB. During a planned outage how will AWS ensure that a switch from DB to a standby replica will not affect access to the application?

   Choose one answer.

   • RDS will have an internal IP which will redirect all requests to the new DB
   • RDS uses DNS to switch over to stand by replica for seamless transition
   • The switch over changes Hardware so RDS does not need to worry about access
   • RDS will have both the DBs running independently and the user has to manually switch over

   Read explanation

   In the event of a planned or unplanned outage of a DB instance, Amazon RDS automatically switches to a standby replica in another Availability Zone if the user has enabled Multi AZ. The automatic failover mechanism simply changes the DNS record of the DB instance to point to the standby DB instance. As a result, the user will need to re-establish any existing connections to the DB instance. However, as the DNS is the same, the application can access DB seamlessly.

5. Question 5 · 1

   An organization is generating digital policy files which are required by the admins for verification. Once the files are verified they may not be required in the future unless there is some compliance issue. If the organization wants to save them in a cost effective way, which is the best possible solution?

   Choose one answer.

   • AWS RRS
   • AWS S3
   • AWS RDS
   • AWS Glacier

   Read explanation

   Amazon S3 stores objects according to their storage class. There are three major storage classes: Standard, Reduced Redundancy and Glacier. Standard is for AWS S3 and provides very high durability. However, the costs are a little higher. Reduced redundancy is for less critical files. Glacier is for archival and the files which are accessed infrequently. It is an extremely low-cost storage service that provides secure and durable storage for data archiving and backup.

6. Question 6 · 1

   A user has launched an EBS backed instance. The user started the instance at 9 AM in the morning. Between 9 AM to 10 AM, the user is testing some script. Thus, he stopped the instance twice and restarted it. In the same hour the user rebooted the instance once. For how many instance hours will AWS charge the user?

   Choose one answer.

   • 3 hours
   • 4 hours
   • 2 hours
   • 1 hour

   Read explanation

   A user can stop/start or reboot an EC2 instance using the AWS console, the Amazon EC2 CLI or the Amazon EC2 API. Rebooting an instance is equivalent to rebooting an operating system. When the instance is rebooted AWS will not charge the user for the extra hours. In case the user stops the instance, AWS does not charge the running cost but charges only the EBS storage cost. If the user starts and stops the instance multiple times in a single hour, AWS will charge the user for every start and stop. In this case, since the instance was rebooted twice, it will cost the user for 3 instance hours.

7. Question 7 · 1

   An organization has configured the custom metric upload with CloudWatch. The organization has given permission to its employees to upload data using CLI as well SDK. How can the user track the calls made to CloudWatch?

   Choose one answer.

   • The user can enable logging with CloudWatch which logs all the activities
   • Use CloudTrail to monitor the API calls
   • Create an IAM user and allow each user to log the data using the S3 bucket
   • Enable detailed monitoring with CloudWatch

   Read explanation

   AWS CloudTrail is a web service which will allow the user to monitor the calls made to the Amazon CloudWatch API for the organization's account, including calls made by the AWS Management Console, Command Line Interface (CLI., and other services. When CloudTrail logging is turned on, CloudWatch will write log files into the Amazon S3 bucket, which is specified during the CloudTrail configuration.

8. Question 8 · 1

   A user has launched a large EBS backed EC2 instance in the US-East-1a region. The user wants to achieve Disaster Recovery (DR. for that instance by creating another small instance in Europe. How can the user achieve DR?

   Choose one answer.

   • Copy the running instance using the ג€Instance Copyג€ command to the EU region
   • Create an AMI of the instance and copy the AMI to the EU region. Then launch the instance from the EU AMI
   • Copy the instance from the US East region to the EU region
   • Use the ג€Launch more like thisג€ option to copy the instance from one region to another

   Read explanation

   To launch an EC2 instance it is required to have an AMI in that region. If the AMI is not available in that region, then create a new AMI or use the copy command to copy the AMI from one region to the other region.

9. Question 9 · 1

   A user has created numerous EBS volumes. What is the general limit for each AWS account for the maximum number of EBS volumes that can be created?

   Choose one answer.

   • 10000
   • 5000
   • 100
   • 1000

   Read explanation

   A user can attach multiple EBS volumes to the same instance within the limits specified by his AWS account. Each AWS account has a limit on the number of Amazon EBS volumes that the user can create, and the total storage available. The default limit for the maximum number of volumes that can be created is 5000.

10. Question 10 · 1

    A user has enabled the Multi AZ feature with the MS SQL RDS database server. Which of the below mentioned statements will help the user understand the Multi AZ feature better?

    Choose one answer.

    • In a Multi AZ, AWS runs two DBs in parallel and copies the data asynchronously to the replica copy
    • In a Multi AZ, AWS runs two DBs in parallel and copies the data synchronously to the replica copy
    • In a Multi AZ, AWS runs just one DB but copies the data synchronously to the standby replica
    • AWS MS SQL does not support the Multi AZ feature

    Read explanation

    Amazon RDS provides high availability and failover support for DB instances using Multi-AZ deployments. In a Multi-AZ deployment, Amazon RDS automatically provisions and maintains a synchronous standby replica in a different Availability Zone. The primary DB instance is synchronously replicated across Availability Zones to a standby replica to provide data redundancy, eliminate I/O freezes, and minimize latency spikes during system backups. Running a DB instance with high availability can enhance availability during planned system maintenance, and help protect your databases against DB instance failure and Availability Zone disruption. Note that the high-availability feature is not a scaling solution for read-only scenarios; you cannot use a standby replica to serve read traffic. To service read-only traffic, you should use a read replica.

11. Question 11 · 1

    An organization is using cost allocation tags to find the cost distribution of different departments and projects. One of the instances has two separate tags with the key/ value as `InstanceName/HR`, `CostCenter/HR`. What will AWS do in this case?

    Choose one answer.

    • InstanceName is a reserved tag for AWS. Thus, AWS will not allow this tag
    • AWS will not allow the tags as the value is the same for different keys
    • AWS will allow tags but will not show correctly in the cost allocation report due to the same value of the two separate keys
    • AWS will allow both the tags and show properly in the cost distribution report

    Read explanation

    AWS provides cost allocation tags to categorize and track the AWS costs. When the user applies tags to his AWS resources, AWS generates a cost allocation report as a comma-separated value (CSV file. with the usage and costs aggregated by those tags. Each tag will have a key-value and can be applied to services, such as EC2, S3, RDS, EMR, etc. It is required that the key should be different for each tag. The value can be the same for different keys. In this case since the value is different, AWS will properly show the distribution report with the correct values.

12. Question 12 · 1

    A user is launching an EC2 instance in the US East region. Which of the below mentioned options is recommended by AWS with respect to the selection of the availability zone?

    Choose one answer.

    • Always select the US-East-1-a zone for HA
    • Do not select the AZ; instead let AWS select the AZ
    • The user can never select the availability zone while launching an instance
    • Always select the AZ while launching an instance

    Read explanation

    When launching an instance with EC2, AWS recommends not to select the availability zone (AZ). AWS specifies that the default Availability Zone should be accepted. This is because it enables AWS to select the best Availability Zone based on the system health and available capacity. If the user launches additional instances, only then an Availability Zone should be specified. This is to specify the same or different AZ from the running instances.

13. Question 13 · 1

    A user has created a VPC with CIDR 20.0.0.0/16 with only a private subnet and VPN connection using the VPC wizard. The user wants to connect to the instance in a private subnet over SSH. How should the user define the security rule for SSH?

    Choose one answer.

    • Allow Inbound traffic on port 22 from the user's network
    • The user has to create an instance in EC2 Classic with an elastic IP and configure the security group of a private subnet to allow SSH from that elastic IP
    • The user can connect to a instance in a private subnet using the NAT instance
    • Allow Inbound traffic on port 80 and 22 to allow the user to connect to a private subnet over the Internet

14. Question 14 · 1

    You are creating an Auto Scaling group whose Instances need to insert a custom metric into CloudWatch. Which method would be the best way to authenticate your CloudWatch PUT request?

    Choose one answer.

    • Create an IAM role with the Put MetricData permission and modify the Auto Scaling launch configuration to launch instances in that role
    • Create an IAM user with the PutMetricData permission and modify the Auto Scaling launch configuration to inject the userscredentials into the instance User Data
    • Modify the appropriate Cloud Watch metric policies to allow the Put MetricData permission to instances from the Auto Scaling group
    • Create an IAM user with the PutMetricData permission and put the credentials in a private repository and have applications on the server pull the credentials as needed

    Read explanation

    Creates an IAM role is always the best practice to give permissions to EC2 instances in order to interact with other AWS services

15. Question 15 · 1

    A user has received a message from the support team that an issue occurred 1 week back between 3 AM to 4 AM and the EC2 server was not reachable. The user is checking the CloudWatch metrics of that instance. How can the user find the data easily using the CloudWatch console?

    Choose one answer.

    • The user can find the data by giving the exact values in the time Tab under CloudWatch metrics
    • The user can find the data by filtering values of the last 1 week for a 1 hour period in the Relative tab under CloudWatch metrics
    • It is not possible to find the exact time from the console. The user has to use CLI to provide the specific time
    • The user can find the data by giving the exact values in the Absolute tab under CloudWatch metrics

    Read explanation

    If the user is viewing the data inside the CloudWatch console, the console provides options to filter values either using the relative period, such as days /hours or using the Absolute tab where the user can provide data with a specific date and time. The console also provides the option to search using the local timezone under the time range caption in the console.

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